Illusion
your eyes have opinions. rulers don’t.
Müller-Lyer and friends — vote, then measure
Both pairs of lines on this card are exactly the same length — a ruler would agree — but the fins bend your read of depth, and a vertical stroke reads longer than an identical horizontal one to most people. Knowing the trick doesn’t make it stop working, which is what separates it from a mistake you could correct by trying harder.
Concepts: perception, optical-illusions.
An interactive you play with one thumb, on Wundr.